MANUAL TEXT, PROCEDURE TEXT, AND TIPS TEXT
1. PROCEDURE TEXT
A. Definition
A Procedure Text is a text that explains how to do or make something step by step.
The steps must be clear, logical, and in order so the reader can complete the activity successfully.
📌 Examples:
How to make fried rice
How to change a car tire
How to make a cup of coffee
How to install a computer program
B. Social Function
The purpose of a procedure text is:
To explain how something is done
To guide readers through steps
To help readers complete a task correctly
C. Generic Structure of Procedure Text
1. Goal / Aim
The purpose of the activity.
Example:
How to Make a Cup of Coffee
2. Materials / Ingredients
Things needed to do the activity.
Example:
Coffee powder
Hot water
Sugar
Cup
Spoon
3. Steps
Ordered instructions to complete the task.
Example:
Boil water.
Put one spoon of coffee into the cup.
Add sugar.
Pour hot water into the cup.
Stir well and serve.
D. Language Features
Procedure texts usually use:
1. Imperative Sentences
(commands)
Examples:
Mix the ingredients.
Pour the water.
Turn on the stove.
2. Action Verbs
Examples:
mix, pour, cut, stir, boil, install, press, connect
3. Sequencing Words
Examples:
First
Next
Then
After that
Finally
E. Example of Procedure Text
How to Change a Car Tire
Materials:
Spare tire
Car jack
Wrench
Steps:
Park the car on a flat surface.
Loosen the wheel nuts with a wrench.
Lift the car using the jack.
Remove the damaged tire.
Install the spare tire.
Tighten the wheel nuts.
Lower the car carefully.
2. MANUAL TEXT
A. Definition
A Manual Text is a text that explains how to operate or use a tool, machine, or device properly.
Manual texts are commonly found in machine instructions, equipment guides, or user manuals.
📌 Examples:
How to operate a drilling machine
How to use a fire extinguisher
How to operate a washing machine
How to use a lathe machine
B. Social Function
The purpose of a manual text is:
To guide users to operate equipment correctly
To ensure safety when using tools or machines
To prevent misuse or accidents
C. Generic Structure of Manual Text
1. Goal / Title
Example:
How to Operate a Drilling Machine
2. Equipment / Parts
Example:
Drilling machine
Drill bit
Workpiece
Safety goggles
3. Steps
Example:
Wear safety goggles.
Turn on the power switch.
Fix the workpiece firmly.
Lower the drill slowly.
Turn off the machine after use.
D. Language Features
Manual texts use:
Imperative sentences
Example:
Turn on the machine.
Hold the tool firmly.
Press the start button.
Technical vocabulary
Examples:
spindle, switch, nozzle, handle, power supply
3. TIPS TEXT
A. Definition
A Tips Text provides helpful advice or suggestions to do something better, safer, or more effectively.
Unlike procedure or manual texts, tips are recommendations, not strict instructions.
📌 Examples:
Tips for passing a job interview
Tips for maintaining machines
Tips for working safely in a workshop
B. Social Function
The purpose of tips text is:
To give helpful advice
To improve performance or safety
To prevent problems
C. Structure of Tips Text
1. Title
Example:
Tips for Working Safely in a Workshop
2. Tips / Suggestions
Example:
Always wear proper PPE.
Check tools before using them.
Keep the workspace clean.
Follow safety signs in the workshop.
D. Language Features
Tips texts usually use:
Modal verbs
Examples:
should
should not
must
can
Example sentences:
You should wear safety goggles.
You must follow safety rules.
You should not run in the workshop.
4. Differences Between Procedure, Manual, and Tips Text
| Text Type | Function | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Procedure Text | Explains how to do or make something | How to make coffee |
| Manual Text | Explains how to operate a tool or machine | How to operate a drill |
| Tips Text | Gives advice or suggestions | Tips for workshop safety |
5. Example Comparison
Procedure Text
How to Make Instant Noodles
Boil water.
Put noodles into boiling water.
Cook for three minutes.
Add seasoning.
Stir well and serve.
Manual Text
How to Use a Fire Extinguisher
Pull the safety pin.
Aim the nozzle at the fire.
Squeeze the handle.
Sweep from side to side.
Tips Text
Tips for Using Hand Tools Safely
Wear safety gloves.
Do not use damaged tools.
Store tools properly.
Clean tools after use.
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